However, such reviews lack the discussion of multidisciplinary technical details, preventing researchers in this field from intuitively discovering the challenges behind the development of FET biosensors. The reviews summarizing the current breakthrough and development potential of FET biosensors from the aspect of nanomaterial science have been reported several times. It is the most promising candidate for detecting disease-related biomarkers such as nucleic acids, characteristic proteins, and human secretions. Aiming at each research direction, forward perspectives and dialectical evaluations are summarized to enlighten rewarding investigations.įield-effect transistor (FET) biosensors have attracted widespread attention in disease diagnosis, benefiting from their advantages of direct contact between gate and test solution, easy to form a solution detection environment, and the low working gate voltage (1–2 V). In order to enable researchers to understand and apply FET biosensors deeply, focusing on the multidisciplinary technical details, the iteration and evolution of FET biosensors are reviewed from exploring the sensing mechanism in detecting biomolecules (research direction 1), the response signal type (research direction 2), the sensing performance optimization (research direction 3), and the integration strategy (research direction 4).

With the burgeoning advances in nanotechnology and biotechnology, researchers are trying to improve the sensitivity of FET biosensors and broaden their application scenarios from multiple strategies. Field-effect transistor (FET) is regarded as the most promising candidate for the next-generation biosensor, benefiting from the advantages of label-free, easy operation, low cost, easy integration, and direct detection of biomarkers in liquid environments.

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